With the rapid promotion of ISO9000 quality management series standards and ISO14000 environmental management system standards in my country, the occupational safety and health management system, which is also called the three major systems of enterprise management, has emerged. Where to start to establish an occupational safety and health management system? This is the question facing every organization wishing to build the system. The following is a preliminary discussion on the initial process of establishing an occupational safety and health management system.

1. Support from top management

Whether it is the establishment of the system, or the normal operation and continuous improvement in the future, its success or failure mainly depends on the determination and commitment of the top management. Any organization, implementing any set of management system, must first obtain the support of the top management. In the early stage of the establishment of the system, the support of the top management can be expressed in the following aspects: first, to provide the necessary investment in finance; second, to allocate necessary and sufficient human resources to allocate a certain working time to the driving force of the system.

In order to obtain sufficient support, first of all, various internal and external factors should be pointed out to top management, so that it can make clear the efforts required and the benefits that can be obtained, and promote its determination to pursue the plan. The so-called internal and external factors may include the following:

1. Direct losses in occupational safety and health within the organization, such as additional expenses due to accidents, work-related injuries, and occupational diseases;

2. Indirect losses underlying these direct losses, such as employee dissatisfaction with the organization, decreased work motivation, and reduced benefits due to work stoppages;

3. For the image of the organization, the dissatisfaction of the relevant parties with the occupational safety and health of the organization can directly damage the image. On the contrary, the overall responsible management of the employees will help to improve the image of the organization (in addition, the relevant parties may include the government, the media, Employee families, customer groups, etc., can even touch the entire society);

4. The increasingly strict and sound laws and regulations have new requirements for occupational protection, as well as the strengthening of the concept of human rights brought about by social progress;

5. The new competitive conditions brought about by the new trend of international/domestic trade have been realized in the implementation of ISO9001 and ISO14001, and will certainly be extended to the implementation of occupational safety and health.

6. Direct requirements of customers and related parties.

7. Contribution to social stability and prosperity.

In addition to the above factors, a comprehensive initial risk assessment report is also very important.

2. Preparation for system introduction

Once the determination and commitment of the top management have been obtained, the preparations for the establishment of the system can be started. The first task in a series of preparatory work is to collect data and conduct analytical research, especially the collection of certification standards. Because ISO has not officially released the international standards for occupational safety and health, the current third-party certification is based on the certification guidelines formulated by certification bodies in accordance with the principle frameworks of BS8800, ISO9000, ISO14000, etc., so these steps appear to enterprises. Still important. Choosing a set of high-quality certification standards not only helps to effectively improve the management level and performance of the organization, but also is of great significance to the smooth progress of certification after ISO officially promulgated the occupational safety and health management system standards.

The standards we have collected mainly include two types of standards, one is the standards published by the certification body that can be used for certification, such as: CQCZJ18000: 1998 Occupational Safety and Health Management System Standard of China Commodity Inspection System. Organizations can choose appropriate certification bodies according to their own needs, and take their published standards as the minimum requirements that organizations must meet to establish their own occupational safety and health system architecture. The other type is a guideline standard that is not used for certification but is only used as a guide. The most authoritative one is the British BS8800-95 Occupational Safety and Health Management System Guide.

In addition, it is best to have ISO14001 environmental management system standard and ISO9001 quality management system standard at hand (it would be better if the 2000 version of the standard can be obtained in time), because these three systems have too much in common, and the newly established The occupational safety and health management system should be as compatible as possible with other management systems that the organization has established or intends to establish. I believe this is also the result that every enterprise wants to see.

Collecting and combining the actual situation of the organization, in-depth analysis and research of these materials, is the necessary preparation for the introduction of this system. During this period, if you can obtain certain external support and start standard internal training, it will be more conducive to future practical work.

3. Initial risk assessment

Like ISO14001, occupational safety and health also requires an initial assessment, but the object of the assessment is changed from environmental factors to safety and health risks. The purpose of conducting an initial risk assessment is the same as that of an environmental assessment. In addition to processing the information collected to provide top management decisions, it is more important to provide a complete picture of the original occupational safety and health situation of the organization, and this information will establish a system for the organization. Point out a clear direction.

None of the certification standards have specific requirements for initial risk assessment, but the topics covered by initial risk are given in their informative appendices. These topics include:

1. Collect and clarify the laws, regulations and other requirements that the organization should follow, as well as the conformity of the current situation of the organization. Special attention should be paid to not omitting the collection of relevant red-headed documents, industry standards, parent company requirements, etc. .

2. Identify organizational safety and health risks and determine their importance

Reference BS8800 defines risk as: the combination of the possibility and consequences of a specified dangerous event. Therefore, to identify risks, we must first identify dangerous events; to determine their importance, we need standards for evaluating their likelihood and consequences and methods for synthesizing these evaluation results.

Hazard means a potential source of injury or damage, or a situation with potential for injury or damage. Because danger is potential, it is different from environmental factors. Although the latter also has requirements for future influence, it often focuses on grasping the actual environmental impact. Therefore, the identification of danger requires more professional knowledge than the identification of environmental factors. and carefulness. Some people even describe that there is at least one danger behind every environmental factor, but there is not necessarily an environmental factor behind the danger. For example, noise is harmful to hearing; air emissions, water pollution, etc. will eventually bring harm to human beings. Health damage; there are a large number of hazardous events in waste management; on the contrary, simple mechanical injury may not have any environmental impact.

There are many related matters that need to be considered when identifying hazards. Generally, classification methods are used to identify hazards from different perspectives. When classifying, hazards can be simply divided into: chemical hazards, physical hazards, biological hazards, ergonomic hazards, various pressures, and other hazards. Another method that can be used is to mobilize all the personnel in the organization to find out all the hazards that can be identified by means of a questionnaire, and then have personnel with certain professional qualifications to classify, merge, organize, and summarize these hazards. Risk assessment is carried out according to the established assessment criteria.

The initial risk assessment is a very time-consuming work, but it is of great significance to the establishment of the entire system. Once the major risks of the organization are determined, the organization's policies, objectives, indicators, and plans can be formulated according to these risks. Corresponding operating procedures, emergency countermeasures, etc.

3. Review existing occupational safety and health management regulations within the organization

The existing safety and health management regulations of the organization should be collected to the greatest extent, these data can measure the existing management level of the organization, and the elements stipulated in the standards should be compared to facilitate the preparation of future system documents.

4. Evaluation of the investigation, handling and feedback of previous occupational safety and health incidents, which can help the organization to find the inadequacy and reliability of the existing management measures;

5. The allocation of existing resources for occupational safety and health management and their utilization efficiency and effect. The so-called resources here include the organization's existing financial investment in safety and health, equipment status, technical skills, working environment, and safety and health management staff. experience, ability, etc.

4. Formulate occupational safety and health policies

After completing the risk assessment, it should be reported to the top management, who will formulate the organization's occupational safety and health policy according to the characteristics of the organization and all the requirements of the standard for the policy elements. Comparing the requirements of the policy elements, it can be found that it is basically consistent with the relevant policy requirements of ISO14001, and because the environment and safety and health are inseparable, many organizations often publish the two sets of policies as one set. Because of the characteristics of the original culture of each organization, the policies are often different in simplicity and complexity, but they must reflect the characteristics of the organization; reflect the main risks of the organization; make commitments such as complying with laws and regulations, continuous improvement, and ensuring necessary resources; and provide organizational safety and health. Performance review framework.

The establishment and implementation of an occupational safety and health management system is very difficult in the initial stage. The workload and difficulty of the work are generally more than the establishment of an environmental system. However, because it plays a very critical role in the establishment of the entire system, it must be completed carefully. each content. Judging from the implementation experience of successful enterprises, this stage of work often takes up more than one-third of the time and half of the energy from the establishment of the entire system to the completion of certification. Any organization that wants to implement this system should be mentally prepared. Lay a solid and good foundation for the establishment of the system.