Five tools of quality management, also known as five tools of quality control. Including: 1. Statistical Process Control (SPC, Statistical Process Control); 2. Measurement System Analysis (MSA, Measurement System Analyse); 3. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA, Failure Mode & Effect Analyse); 4. Product Quality Advance Planning (APQP, Advanced Product Quality Planning); 5. Production Part Approval Process (PPAP, Production Part Approval Process).

concept

SPC is a manufacturing control method, which uses the data collected from the control items in manufacturing according to their characteristics, through process capability analysis and process standardization, to discover abnormalities in the process, and immediately take improvement measures to restore the process to normal. method 1] .

Use statistical methods to monitor the state of the process, determine the production process in a state of control, to reduce the variation of product quality Problems that can be solved by SPC . Make the process stable and control the quality, cost and delivery time. 2. Early warning: The abnormal trend of the process can be dealt with immediately to prevent the whole batch of defects, so as to reduce waste. 3. Identify special causes: as a reference for local problem countermeasures or management system improvement. 4. Make good use of machinery and equipment: Estimate the capacity of the machine, and properly arrange the appropriate machine to produce the appropriate parts. 5. Evaluation of improvement: Process capability can be used as an indicator for comparison before and after improvement.

Purpose

Make reliable and effective evaluation of the process;

Determine the statistical control limits of the process, determine whether the process is out of control and whether the process is capable;

·Provide an early warning system for the process to monitor the situation of the process in time to prevent the occurrence of waste;

Reduced reliance on routine inspection, timed observations and systematic measurement methods to replace extensive inspection and verification efforts

MSA

One is to ensure the accuracy/quality of the measurement data, using measurement systems analysis (MSA) methods to evaluate the measurement system from which the measurement data was obtained; the other is to ensure that appropriate data analysis methods are used, such as the use of SPC tools, experimental design, analysis of variance , regression analysis, etc. MSA (MeasurementSystemAnalysis) analyzes the resolution and error of the measurement system using mathematical statistics and chart methods.

Measurement System Analysis (MSA) is the analysis of a measurement system with repeatable readings for each part, to assess the quality of the measurement system, and to judge the acceptability of the data produced by the measurement system.

Purpose of MSA:

Understand the measurement process, determine the total amount of error in the measurement process, and evaluate the adequacy of measurement systems for use in production and process control. MSA promotes understanding and improvement (reduces variation).

In daily production, we often analyze the state of the process, the capability of the process and monitor the changes of the process according to the measurement data obtained from the process parts; then, how to ensure that the results of the analysis are correct? We must ensure that from two aspects:

1) To ensure the accuracy/quality of the measurement data, use the measurement system analysis (MSA) method to evaluate the measurement system from which the measurement data was obtained;

2) is to ensure that appropriate data analysis methods are used, such as the use of SPC tools, experimental design, analysis of variance, regression analysis, etc. MSA uses mathematical statistics and graphs to analyze the resolution and error of the measurement system to evaluate whether the resolution and error of the measurement system is appropriate for the parameter being measured, and to determine the main components of the measurement system error.

FMEA

When designing and manufacturing products, there are generally three lines of defense to control defects: avoid or eliminate the causes of failures, predetermine or detect failures, and reduce the effects and consequences of failures. FMEA is an effective tool to help us eliminate defects in the cradle from the first line of defense. FMEA is an important method of reliability design. It is actually a combination of FMA (Failure Mode Analysis) and FEA (Failure Effects Analysis). It evaluates and analyzes various possible risks in order to eliminate these risks or reduce these risks to an acceptable level on the basis of existing technology. Timeliness is one of the most important factors in the successful implementation of FMEA, and it is an "before action", not "after the action". For best benefit, FMEA must be performed before failure modes are incorporated into the product. FMEA is actually a series of activities, and its process includes: identifying potential failure modes in the product/process; quantifying the risk of the identified potential failure modes according to the corresponding evaluation system; listing the causes/mechanisms of failures, finding preventive or corrective measures. Since product failures may be related to design, manufacturing process, use, contractor/supplier, and service, FMEA is subdivided into four categories: design FMEA, process FMEA, use FMEA, and service FMEA. Among them, design FMEA and process FMEA are the most commonly used.

Purpose of FMEA

1) Modifications to products or processes can be made easily and at low cost, thereby mitigating the risk of post-modification.

2) Find measures to avoid or reduce the occurrence of these potential failures.

APQP

Product quality advance planning (or product quality advance planning and control plan) is a part of the QS9000/TS16949 quality management system. Definitions and Other Knowledge Points: Product Quality Planning is a structured approach to identifying and developing the steps required to ensure that a product satisfies customers. The goal of product quality planning is to facilitate contact with everyone involved to ensure that the required steps are completed on time. Effective product quality planning depends on top management's commitment to striving to achieve customer satisfaction.

PPAP

PPAP production part approval process (Production part approval process) PPAP production part submission guarantee: mainly include production part size inspection report, appearance inspection report, function inspection report, material inspection report; plus some parts control methods and supplier control methods; mainly Manufacturing enterprises require suppliers to make ppap documents and the first piece when submitting products. They can only be submitted when all ppap documents are qualified; a report must be submitted after engineering changes. PPAP is a control program for production parts and a management method for quality

Purpose of PPAP

1) Determine if the supplier has properly understood all requirements of the customer engineering design records and specifications.

2) And in the actual production process under the required production cycle conditions, it has the potential to continuously meet these requirements.